Create an Avalanche L1
This page demonstrates how to create an Avalanche L1 using Avalanche-CLI.
This tutorial walks you through the process of using Avalanche-CLI to create an Avalanche L1, deploy it to a local network, and connect to it with Core wallet.
The first step of learning Avalanche L1 development is learning to use Avalanche-CLI.
Installation
The fastest way to install the latest Avalanche-CLI binary is by running the install script:
The binary installs inside the ~/bin directory. If the directory doesn't exist, it will be created.
You can run all of the commands in this tutorial by calling ~/bin/avalanche.
You can also add the command to your system path by running
If you add it to your path, you should be able to call the program anywhere with just avalanche. To add it to your path permanently, add an export command to your shell initialization script (ex: .bashrc or .zshrc).
For more detailed installation instructions, see Avalanche-CLI Installation
Create Your Avalanche L1 Configuration
This tutorials teaches you how to create an Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) based Avalanche L1. To do so, you use Subnet-EVM, Avalanche's Avalanche L1 fork of the EVM. It supports airdrops, custom fee tokens, configurable gas parameters, and multiple stateful precompiles. To learn more, take a look at Subnet-EVM. The goal of your first command is to create a Subnet-EVM configuration.
The Avalanche L1 command suite provides a collection of tools for developing and deploying Avalanche L1s.
The Avalanche L1 Creation Wizard walks you through the process of creating your Avalanche L1. To get started, first pick a name for your Avalanche L1. This tutorial uses myblockchain, but feel free to substitute that with any name you like. Once you've picked your name, run:
The following sections walk through each question in the wizard.
Choose Your VM
Select SubnetEVM.
Enter Your Avalanche L1's ChainID
Choose a positive integer for your EVM-style ChainID.
In production environments, this ChainID needs to be unique and not shared with any other chain. You can visit chainlist to verify that your selection is unique. Because this is a development Avalanche L1, feel free to pick any number. Stay away from well-known ChainIDs such as 1 (Ethereum) or 43114 (Avalanche C-Chain) as those may cause issues with other tools.
Token Symbol
Enter a string to name your Avalanche L1's native token. The token symbol doesn't necessarily need to be unique. Example token symbols are AVAX, JOE, and BTC.
Subnet-EVM Version
Select Use latest version.
Gas Fee Configuration
This question determines how to set gas fees on your Avalanche L1.
Select Low disk use / Low Throughput 1.5 mil gas/s (C-Chain's setting).
Airdrop
Select Airdrop 1 million tokens to the default address (do not use in production).
This address's private key is well-known, so DO NOT send any production funds to it. Attackers would likely drain the funds instantly.
When you are ready to start more mature testing, select Customize your airdrop to distribute funds to additional addresses.
Precompiles
Precompiles are Avalanche's way of customizing the behavior of your Avalanche L1. They're strictly an advanced feature, so you can safely select No for now.
Wrapping up
If all worked successfully, the command prints Successfully created subnet configuration.
You've successfully created your first Avalanche L1 configuration. Now it's time to deploy it.
Deploying Avalanche L1s Locally
To deploy your Avalanche L1, run:
Make sure to substitute the name of your Avalanche L1 if you used a different one than myblockchain.
Next, select Local Network.
This command boots a five node Avalanche network on your machine. It needs to download the latest versions of AvalancheGo and Subnet-EVM. The command may take a couple minutes to run.
Note: If you run bash on your shell and are running Avalanche-CLI on ARM64 on Mac, you will require Rosetta 2 to be able to deploy Avalanche L1s locally. You can download Rosetta 2 using softwareupdate --install-rosetta .
If all works as expected, the command output should look something like this:
You can use the deployment details to connect to and interact with your Avalanche L1. Now it's time to interact with it.
Interacting with Your Avalanche L1
You can use the value provided by Browser Extension connection details to connect to your Avalanche L1 with Core, MetaMask, or any other wallet.
To allow API calls from other machines, use --http-host=0.0.0.0 in the config.
This tutorial uses Core.
Importing the Test Private Key
This address derives from a well-known private key. Anyone can steal funds sent to this address. Only use it on development networks that only you have access to. If you send production funds to this address, attackers may steal them instantly.
First, you need to import your airdrop private key into Core.
In the Accounts screen, select the Imported tab. Click on Import private key.
Here, enter the private key. Import the well-known private key 0x56289e99c94b6912bfc12adc093c9b51124f0dc54ac7a766b2bc5ccf558d8027.
Next, rename the Core account to prevent confusion. On the Imported tab, click on the pen icon next to your account. Rename the account DO NOT USE -- Public test key to prevent confusion with any personal wallets.
Connect to the Avalanche L1
Next, you need to add your Avalanche L1 to Core's networks.
In the Core Extension click, See All Networks and then select the + icon in the top right.
Enter your Avalanche L1's details, found in the output of your avalanche blockchain deploy command, into the form and click Save.
If all worked as expected, your balance should read 1 million tokens. Your Avalanche L1 is ready for action. You might want to try to Deploy a Smart Contract on Your Subnet-EVM Using Remix and Core.
Next Steps
Congrats Subnetooooor, you just deployed your first Avalanche L1!
After you feel comfortable with this deployment flow, try deploying smart contracts on your chain with Remix, Hardhat, or Foundry. You can also experiment with customizing your Avalanche L1 by addingprecompiles or adjusting the airdrop.
Once you've developed a stable Avalanche L1 you like, see Create an EVM Avalanche L1 on Fuji Testnet to take your Avalanche L1 one step closer to production.
Good Subnetting!
FAQ
How is the Avalanche L1 ID (SubnetID) determined upon creation?
The Avalanche L1 ID (SubnetID) is the hash of the transaction that created the Avalanche L1.
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